Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a 3D model-based process used to virtually plan, design, construct and manage buildings. It is a digital description of every aspect of the project. The model incorporates diverse information that is assembled together.

The object-oriented approach of BIM facilitates better visualization, cost reduction, enhanced decision-making, reduced project duration, resource management and improved communication. All information stays with the project throughout its lifetime. This technology can be used for various products such as a new building or railway infrastructure.

BIM in the Indian setting

The Indian construction industry is still inclined towards traditional processes of planning and developing a project. In a traditional setting, architects and engineers submit a project plan consisting of drawings and specifications to the owners. These plans are subject to changes, but. Once the plan is finalized, owners choose contractors. However, there remains a gap between contractors and architects, and any ambiguities or problems relating to the plans may not be addressed. Moreover, the development speed of the project will be affected if changes are made constantly.

BIM technology can address such problems. The idea behind BIM is to visualize, present and create architectural documents while maintaining the possibility to accommodate appropriate additions/changes as the project proceeds. It is an umbrella for all disciplines involved in a project- architecture, structure, mechanical, plumbing, infrastructure and construction. Hence, it allows design and construction teams to communicate and coordinate information across different levels and aspects.

Benefits of BIM

• Better Visualization- One can model and look at the building virtually, prior to its physical existence. Accurate geometrical representation of the project is possible.
• Accurate and Effective Designing- Using 3D technology is faster and more accurate than manually developing plans. Moreover, BIM visualisation enables the incorporation of changes even at later stages without much hassle.
• Conflict identification- Since BIM aims to visualise how a building or project would potentially look, it is also designed to visualise the potential impacts of the project. Since all disciplines of construction are incorporated, it gets easier to identify areas of conflict and resolve those conflicts before the actual process of construction begins.
• Single database- As mentioned earlier, since a single database is used to record all aspects of construction, any change made in any one aspect automatically adjusts to other disciplines also.
• Cost estimation- Since material quantities can be extracted from the virtual model, the cost of raw material can be accordingly estimated.

The concept, originated around 1957 when computer-aided designs first developed, still remains a matter of apprehension among Indian architects because of lack of knowledge among employers.