Construction technology has evolved immensely over the years. Realty markets around the world are experimenting with economical and sustainable ways of building homes. The Indian market has also adopted technologies like prefabrication and Building Information Modelling (BIM) system. Another technology that one may add to the list is that of three-dimensional (3D) construction.

3D construction technology uses specialised super-size printers which are transmuted into semi/automated production lines. In this process, a three-dimensional object is manufactured into consecutive layers of material formed under digital (computed) control. The printers use a special concrete and composite mixture.

The BIM system that helps architects visualise and create building models also makes use of 3D technologies. 3D design software creates computer-generated models that comprise not only of precise geometric specifications but also offer the data essential for construction activities.

In May 2016, an office building called Office of the Future was inaugurated in Dubai. The building was built using a 3D printer; it printed the structure with a cement mixture layer-by-layer. The 2600-square feet 3D office building took 17 days to be printed.

Lately, an increasing number of construction companies are opting for the latest construction technologies that allow them to provide a quality experience to homebuyers. These companies are actively studying 3D construction technology to filter its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages

• Offers flexibility in designing
• Cost efficient - requires less labour, more machinery
• Better end product- the entire construction process is computerised and hence, more efficient
• Faster construction process

Disadvantages

• Storage of printing components requires extra care
• Requires extreme accuracy - a small digital mistake may cause serious problems during construction
• May lead to fewer jobs in the market - requires less labour

However, this technology is still in its nascent stage and has immense scope for more innovation. It is likely that 3D technology that will make use of green or non-conventional building material will be in active use.